Prison Writings The Roots of Civilization

Preface
Translator's Introduction
Introduction
PART 1 SLAVE-OWNING SOCIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILISATION
The Birth of Civilisation on the Banks of the Tigris and the Euphrates
The Historical Role of Sumerian Civilisation
The Emergence of Class Society
Gender Inequality
The Urban Revolution
The Economic Institutions of Sumer
The Superstructure Institutions
Empire and Colonialism
The Lasting Effects of Sumerian Civilisation
The Origin of Sumerian Slave-owning Society
The Sumerian State
The Teaching of the Gods
Sumerian Class Society
Some Methodological Issues Concerning Historical Development and Expansion
The Expansion and Maturation of Slavery
Some Traits of Mesopotamian Expansion
Terms of Comparison: Egypt and the Indus Civilisation
Interdependent Developments in a Colonised World
Tribal Confederations, Local and Territorial States
The Hittites
The Hurrians, Kassites, Gutians, Mitanni, Urartians and Medes
Early Eastern Mediterranean Civilisations
Cretan Civilisation
Mesopotamian and Egyptian Civilisation in the Second and First Millennia
Resistance to Slave-owning Civilisation and Its Reform
The Genesis of Monotheistic Religions in the Context of Ancient Civilisation
The Resistance of Ethnic Groups to Slave-holding Civilisation
The Greco-Roman Contribution
Greek Civilisation
The Roman Era of Slave-holding Civilisation
Medes, Persians and the Making of the East
The Demise of a Paradigm
PART 2 THE AGE OF FEUDALISM
Introduction to Part 2
The Ideological Frame of Reference of the Feudal Age
Early Islam: a Revolutionising Force
The Unity of Allah (tawhid)
The Personality of Muhammad
The Ideological Frame of Reference
The Military--Political Revolution
The Economic and Social Content of Islam
Islam's Influence On Humanism and the Individual
The Institutionalisation and Expansion of Feudal Civilisation
The Phase of the Institutionalisation of Christianity
Institutionalisation and Expansion Following the Islamic Revolution
The Universality of Feudal Civilisation
The Peak and Decline of Feudal Civilisation
Renewal of the System by Reforms
The Conservative Method: Continuation of the System by Pressure
Some Concluding Remarks on the Preceding Chapters
PART 3 THE CIVILISATION OF THE AGE OF CAPITALISM
Introduction to Part 3
The Birth of Capitalism and Its New Ideological Identity
A Mind Based on Positive Knowledge
Individualism
Humanism
The Development and Institutionalisation of Capitalist Civilisation
The Homeland
The Concept of Nation
The Republic
Citizenship
Secularism as a Principle
Democracy
The Rule of Law
Human Rights
Capitalist Expansion and the Climax of Capitalist Civilisation
The Overall Crisis of Civilisation and the Age of Democracy
The Disintegration of Capitalism as a System of Civilisation
Outlines of an Alternative
Politics and the State
The Transitional Phase
The Ultimate Form of Civilisation Based On Class Society
Religion and Scientific Socialism
PART 4 IDEOLOGICAL IDENTITY AND TIME-SPACE CONDITIONS OF THE NEW DEVELOPMENT IN CIVILISATION
Introduction to Part 4
Ideological Identity in the Third Millennium
A New Programme for the Kurdish Movement
Reflections on Strategic and Tactical Approaches
Time as a Creative Element
Global Aspects and Perspectives
PART 5 CAN THE CULTURAL TRADITION OF THE MIDDLE EAST SERVE AS A SOURCE FOR A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CIVILISATIONS?
Introduction to Part 5
Renewal of the Ideological Identity Will Be the Primary Historical Challenge
The Democratic Civilisation Project
The Theory and Practice of Middle Eastern Civilisation
Palestine
Iran
Anatolia
The Kurds and Kurdistan
Editorial Team
Notes
Bibliography
Index